Hinduism - One of the Oldest of all Living Religions - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1598 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/07/29 Category Religion Essay Level High school Tags: Hinduism Essay Did you like this example? It originated almost four thousand years ago (1500 BC). Hinduism got its name from Aryans, who lived on the eastern bank of river Indus. They introduced the first elaborative concept. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Hinduism One of the Oldest of all Living Religions" essay for you Create order Hinduism does not have one single, historical founder or a particular date of origin. As mentioned in The Worlds Wisdom by Philip Novak, they believe that Vedas, the most authoritative primary sacred texts of this religion, are the oldest in the world and are a revelation from god. Later came the Upanishads. They are chronologically the last portion and spiritually the highest teachings of Vedas and are also known as Vedanta. The Upanishadic period is believed to be the most creative period of Indian philosophy, because it gave us new concepts regarding karma and reincarnation. Hinduism, being one of the oldest religion of time discusses about major aspects of this religion, it focuses on worshipping many deities, ideology and they also have rich holy scriptures which has a great influence on the world. Hindus worship different deities for different purposes. Like they worship Kuber for wealth, Goddess Sarasvati for Knowledge, Vishnu for prosperity and so on. They also believe in one supreme god which is the Atman, stated by Philip Novak. He is supreme, one, eternal, omnipotent which has all power and all doer, omniscient. He is full of divine virtues and devoid of Maya. He also takes birth in a human and other forms on earth to liberate souls and destroy evil, and he is worshipped in many manifestations like Rama, Krishna, Shiva and others. There is also a belief that he is formless. They also worship the life supporting elements of nature like the sun, earth, fire, and moon. The Purans mentions that there are 330 million devas. Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva are the supreme gods. This triumvirate is believed for, Brahma as the creator, Vishnu as the preserver and Shiva as the destroyer in order to create it again. Shiva is also known as a form of OM, which is a sound of the real, mentio ned by Philip Novak. Hinduism consists of very rich scriptures, namely Vedas, Upanishads, The Bhagwat Gita, The Ramayana and The Mahabharata. The Mahabharata is considered as one of the longest epic in the world which is in form of poems. It consists of 1.8 million words, which makes it half as compared to the Ramayana. Mahabharata is based on the Kurukshetra war between Kauravas and Pandava. In this war, Arjuna, one of the Pandava was reluctant to fight as he was fighting against his cousins, grandfather and many relatives. He gets overwhelmed with grief and decides not to fight against them. His chariot was driven by Lord Krishna. When Krishna came to know that Arjuna does not want to fight he comes in his divine form to tell Arjuna that in the battle ground you have to do your duty, even if you are fighting against your own people. There is nothing wrong to kill them as a soul is never born and it never dies, and he should let go his feelings and give his duty a priority. The commentary between Arjuna and Lord Krishna is being discussed in The Bhagwat Gita. Being the oldest scripture, it is not a religion or set of rules for people, instead it shows how our day to day life can become a spiritual practice and how one can lead his life free with sorrow, misery and guilt, how to live life in harmony with nature and in peace with others. It has been said that one can find answers regarding any question they have for god. In The Worlds Religion book by Huston Smith, there is a brief saying about Bhagwat Gita that whatever you do, do it without any attachment and selfishness. As claimed by Philip Novak, karma is the central teaching of Gita. Another great Indian epic was The Ramayana. Ramayana was written by priest Valmiki, it narrates the story of the struggle king Ram faced to rescue his wife Sita, who was kidnapped by a demon Ravana. King Rama was told to live in forest for 14 years by his father Dasharatha. Ram followed his decision. But his wife Sita did not wanted him to go alon e, thus accompanied him for 14 years of living in a forest. One day Rama went out in search of food, meanwhile Sita got kidnapped by a demon Ravana. Ravana always liked Sita before she got married to Rama. On coming back to that place Rama did not find Sita and got worried. In time being he got to know that she was with a demon who lived across a river. Rama being a god, made a bridge and along with his whole bunch of people went to rescue Sita. Ravana was ten head demon, he was very powerful but in the war Rama won and rescued Sita. The main idea of this episode is that good always triumphs, no matter how powerful bad is. One should always be good and true to his self. Ramayana and Mahabharat both are rich example of Hindu philosophy. They both teaches us different aspects which are very useful in our day to day life. Hindus had a caste system from the Vedic period. It is a social classification system determined on the Karmas of people. The four classes consisted of the priests or teachers, rulers and protectors, merchants, businessman and farmers, and servants. You are what you are born in the caste. Whereas in caste system there is no scope for moving from one caste to another because it is birth-based. Hindu have a concept of four endeavors of life. As in The Worlds Wisdom, namely they are Dharma (righteousness), Artha (wealth acquired through right ways), Kama (fulfilling ones worldly desires within disciplines of dharma), Moksha (liberation from material desires and cycle of births and deaths) which is the ultimate goals for Hindu Incarnation. Hinduism is a religion which does not stand by any authority figure, instead the ultimate source of authority for Hindus is Vedas. Yet there are some inspirational figures which have left a huge contribution to the Hindus. Some of them are Mahatma Gandhi, Mother Teresa, Ramakrishna, Swami Vivekananda. Out of which. Swami Vivekananda, a Hindu monk, a social worker, a patriotic saint, and also known as a disciple of Ramakrishna, was the most influential person in India as well as United States. He introduced yoga and Indian philosophical Vedas to modern India. Philip Novak, tells us the importance of yoga and methods and benefits yoga does. He was the first to attend and present Hinduism to the world at The Parliament of religions held in Chicago in 1893. He left Hindus with some teachings and quotes such as, you can not believe in god until you believe in yourself. This quote makes us think that the power is within us and nowhere outside. So believe in god who is within you in form of Atman. Hindu rituals are mainly associated with mandir, festivals, auspicious occasions and ceremonies. Some of them have deep spiritual meaning. Some of them are Holi, Diwali, Kumbhmela, Navratri and so on. Holi is known as festival of colors. They celebrate it with an idea that all colors when mixed together forms a different color and that is of peace and unity. Same way all of the people should be united and there will be peace in the world. Diwali is the new year for Hindus. They celebrate it with all family members and relatives by greeting each other a happy new year. Kumbhmela is a huge ceremony, where thousands of people gather and dive into a holy mother river called Ganga. They do worship Ganga as mother goddess. They feel purified, and a bliss of liberation after diving in the river. Many monks perform chants of holy words on the banks of river Ganga. The vibration of this festival is so holy and positive, that everyone feels connect to god in some way. They chant OM in this occ asion. It is used as a universal symbol of Hinduism. The mantra OM consists of A, U, M. The three letters symbolizes three states, waking consciousness, dreaming consciousness and sleeping consciousness, which is also described by Philip Novak. The entire essence of the Vedas is enshrined in OM. It has been scientifically proven that regular chanting of OM improves breathing, calms the mind and elevates one spiritually. Hindus believe in reincarnation (transmigration of souls) (by Philip Novak) and Moksha. The concept of Karma was introduced by Hindus. Karma means whatever action we do or think. They think our past karmas are responsible for our present existence and our present existence will shape our future existence. If the person succeeds in doing good karma throughout his life, she/he can get liberated, which means they get freedom from the cycle of births and deaths. Rebirth is necessary for the souls spiritual elevation. If perfection or self-realization may not be achieved in one birth. They believe that soul is never born and never dies. It just transfers from one body to another by reincarnation. Hinduism is originated from India and it is been performed by majority of the people in India. It is the ancient religion. This religion is blessed with rich scriptures such as Vedas and Upanishads. They celebrate festivals with great enthusiasm and happiness with an aim of having unity amongst the people. Hinduism also contributed with the concept of Karma, Yoga and Reincarnation, to the world. In conclusion, Hinduism has affected in a good way to the people and the place where it is performed.

The Economic, Social And Military Facets Of Cuba - 1772 Words

The political, economic, social and military facets of Cuba have been extremely volatile over the last six centuries, beginning with the settlement of the Spanish colonies in the 15th century. For several decades, Cuba desperately sought independence from Spain and after a series of rebellions the country was finally freed. From 1903 to 1959, Cuba was technically declared ‘independent’, but in reality was still a colony belonging to the United States. During this period, the U.S. provided little opportunity for the Cuban economy to grow; under the Platt Amendment, the provision that allowed the U.S. to maintain autonomous intervention on the island, the non-sugar industries were completely controlled by the U.S. Further, the U.S. instilled a â€Å"sugar quota† which directly mandated how much sugar Cuba was allowed to sell at a government subsidized price. By the 1950s, a majority of Cuba’s telephone and electrical services, public service railways, raw sug ar production and non-sugar production were U.S. owned (Brenner, 2014). The U.S. provided itself a desperately needed economic crutch being Cuba’s largest export market. Prior to 1959, Cuban politics were continuously overshadowed by the dominant presence of the U.S. government. The United States administration supported the overthrow of Fulgencio Batista because they believed Cubans were paving their own way to a true democracy. Much to the disbelief of the U.S., Fidel Castro prevailed as the new head of the Cuban regime andShow MoreRelatedFidel Castro s Impact On The Cuban Revolution1678 Words   |  7 Pages‘Che’ Guevara made an immense impact on the Cuban Revolution, compared to the other revolutionaries. 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Accounting Managing Business Activities to Achieve Results

Question: Consolidation of wholly owned subsidiary, pre-acquisition equity and BCVR entries for assets and liabilities Lisa Ltd acquired all the issued shares of Sunshine Ltd on 1 January 2016 for $88 000. At this date the equity of Sunshine Ltd consisted of: Share capital $ 40 000 General reserve 10 000 Retained earnings 8 000 All the identifiable assets and liabilities of Sunshine Ltd were recorded at amounts equal to their fair values except for: Carrying amount Fair valueFixtures Fittings(cost $70 000) $50 000 $55 000Inventory 10 000 15 000 Of the inventory on hand at 1 January 2016, 90% was sold by 30 June 2016. The remainder was all sold by 30 June 2017. The Fixtures Fittings was considered to have a further 2-year life with benefits to be received equally in each of those years. There were no records in the books for a provision of legal claim worth 5,000 and patents of 60,000. These were reflected at fair value. The tax rate is 30%.RequiredPrepare the consolidated worksheet entries for the consolidated financial statements prepared by Lisa Ltd at 30 June 2016. Show acquisition analysis calculation, BCVR entries and Pre-acquisition entries for 30.6.16. Answer: Acquisition Analysis as on 1st January 2016 Net Fair of Identifiable Assets Liabilities As on 1st January, 2016 Particulars Amount Amount Amount Liabilities (A) Equity Share Capital 40000 Asset Revaluation Surplus 10000 Retained Earnings 8000 TOTAL 58000 Difference Of Carrying amount Fair Value of the Assets (B) Fair Value Carrying Amount Inventory 15000 10000 5000 Fixtures and Fittings 55000 50000 5000 TOTAL 10000 68000 Net Fair value of Identifiable Assets Liabilities (A-B) 68000 Goodwill Estimation Sunshine Ltd as per Goodwill method Particulars Amount Amount Consideration Transferred ( C ) : Value of Acquisition 88000 88000 TOTAL (C+D) 88000 Less: Net Fair Value 68000 Goodwill Acquired by Sunshine Ltd. 20000 BCVR Pre-Acquisition Journal Entries:- In the Books of Sunshine Ltd Journal Entries Particulars Dr Cr Cost of goodwill A/c Dr 5000 Current Tax Liability Cr 1500 BCVR Cr 3500 Accumulated Depreciation on Fixtures and Fittings A/c Dr 20000 Furniture A/c Cr 15000 Deffered Tax Liability A/c Cr 1500 BCVR A/c Cr 3500 BCVR A/c Dr 6500 Provision for legal claim A/c Cr 5000 Deffered Tax Liability A/c Cr 1500 Patetent A/c Dr 60000 Deffered tax assets A/c Dr 18000 BCVR A/c Cr 78000 Reference List: Abuaddous, M., Hanefah, M.M. and Laili, N.H., 2014. Accounting standards, goodwill impairment and earnings management in Malaysia.International Journal of Economics and Finance,6(12), p.201. AbuGhazaleh, Naser M., Osama Musa Al-Hares, and Ayman E. Haddad. "The value relevance of goodwill impairments: UK evidence."International Journal of Economics and Finance4, no. 4 (2012). Argyrou, Argyris. "Auditing Journal Entries Using Extreme Value Theory."Auditing7 (2013): 1-2013. Avallone, Francesco, and Alberto Quagli. "Insight into the variables used to manage the goodwill impairment test under IAS 36."Advances in Accounting31, no. 1 (2015): 107-114. Jarva, Henry. "Economic consequences of SFAS 142 goodwill writeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ offs."Accounting Finance54, no. 1 (2014): 211-235. Kim, Sohyung, Cheol Lee, and Sung Wook Yoon. "Goodwill accounting and asymmetric timeliness of earnings."Review of Accounting and Finance12, no. 2 (2013): 112-129.

Childhood Cancer free essay sample

Each year in the U. S. there are approximately 13,400 children between the ages of birth and 19 years of age who are diagnosed with cancer. About one in 300 boys and one in 333 girls will develop cancer before their 20th birthday. In 1998, about 2500 died of cancer, thus making cancer the most common cause of death by disease for children and adolescents in America. Statistics on child and adolescent cancer incidence are collected by the National Cancer Institutes (NCI) SEER Program (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results). The data is collected at 10 sites (5 states including CT, UT, NM, IA, and HI and 5 cities including Detroit, Atlanta, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Seattle), with each representing different geographic regions of the United States. The data is then extrapolated to represent national childhood cancer data. The following monograph link summarizes childhood cancer incidence and mortality by disease type, age, ethnicity, and sex. Data collected through SEER has shown that the incidence for some types of childhood cancer have increased slightly since Candlelighters inception in 1970, but for the most part the rates have been fairly constant in the last several years. We will write a custom essay sample on Childhood Cancer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Statistics on Childhood Cancer from NCI Cancer Incidence and Survival among Children and Adolescents: United States SEER Program 1975-1995. A Snapshot of Pediatric Cancers- National Cancer Institute SEER Pediatric Monograph 2012 Cancer Facts and Figures Childhood Cancer Epidemiology in North America Incidence Statistics Childhood cancer rates vary by cancer type. The following graph illustrates the distribution of the more common childhood cancers for children ages birth to 14 years. Source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 1975-2003, Div. of Cancer Control and Pop. Sciences, NCI, 2006 Survival Statistics While the incidence of childhood cancer has changed only slightly since Candlelighters inception in 1970 (an increase from 11. 4 per 100,000 population in 1974 to 14. per 100,000 in 2004), the overall survival rate for childhood cancer has increased drastically during that time period. Today, the overall 5 year survival rate for childhood cancer is close to 80%. Because treatment cure rates have increased, the population of childhood cancer survivors has also increased. Currently there are estimated to be 270,000 survivors of childhood cancer in the U. S. This equates to one in 640 young adults between the ages of 20 to 39 being a survivor of a childhood malignancy. Survival however is with a cost. Two-thirds of those who do survive face at least one chronic health condition. One quarter of survivors face a late-effect from treatment that is classified as severe or life-threatening. Late-effects of treatment can include heart damage, second cancers, lung damage, infertility, cognitive impairment, growth deficits, hearing loss, and more. It is becoming increasingly apparent that childhood cancer is for life. Late effects from either the disease process or aggressive treatment regimens are given at a time of life when children have growing bodies and developing brains. As such, patterns of late-effects include disabilities, chronic health conditions, and even subsequent battles with additional cancer. It is imperative that all survivors of childhood cancer receive on-going monitoring and continued physical and psychosocial care throughout their adult lives. Additionally, not all childhood cancers have known such successful survival rates. Sadly many types of childhood cancer continue to have a poor five year prognosis. Research Funding Statistics Federal funding for childhood cancer research is predominantly allocated through the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Funds are distributed to Principle Investigators (scientists) working at labs which are often located at Childrens hospitals across the country (extramural research); to the Childrens Oncology Group to fund clinical trials (extramural research); and to labs within the NCI (intramural research. ) Each year, Congress approves the amount of money that the National Institute of Health in Bethesda, Maryland will receive for research initiatives. Cancer will be funded in 2009 at a level of approximately $5. 6 Billion. In 2007, the NCI reported that the combined extramural and intramural funding for childhood cancer research was approximately $180 million. However, this estimate could be regarded as liberal as some of the associated research might not be perceived as directly benefiting childhood cancer. Other more conservative estimates, put childhood cancer research funding as low as $30 million annually. To put this figure in perspective, the NCI allocated $572. million on breast cancer research in 2007. Other NIH Institutes funded breast cancer research at a level of $132. 6 million in the same year; and the Department of Defense, which also supports breast cancer research, allocated an additional $138 million. As a comparison, breast cancer with its overall 5 year survival rate of close to 90% received $843 million in Federal research funding in 2007. This was in addition to the funds raised by breast cancer organizations through their pink ribbon campaigns and private donations. It is estimated that the success of those initiatives raises approximately $256 million in the combined assets of the top four breast cancer organizations. The success of the pink ribbon campaign and its resulting funding for breast cancer research has resulted in an increase in the five year survival rate of that patient population. Their strength as advocates has resulted in a strong position for both federal and private research funding. As individuals and organizations supporting our nations children and dolescents with cancer we too can take a strong stance for our cause with both federal and private research funding. Breast cancer is the sixth most common cause of death by disease of women in America (behind heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, respiratory disease and Alzheimers). In comparison, cancer is the number one cause of death by disease of Americas children. In terms of person years life lost (PYLL), the average age at diagnosis of breast cancer is 61, with a calculated 16 PYLL. In contrast, the average age that a child is diagnosed with cancer is 10. This calculates to 67 PYLL. Sixty seven years of life lost when a child dies from cancer. Our call to action is to increase the awareness of the incidence and devastation of this disease on Americas children. By raising awareness of the fact that childhood cancer remains the number one disease killer of Americas children, we can raise the awareness of the need for greater research funding. Like breast cancer, childhood cancer has an international symbol the gold ribbon. The gold ribbon was created by parents of children with cancer and former CCCF board member Gigi Thorsen. Its first production as a lapel pin was funded by CCCF in 1997. Working together, we too can become successful cancer advocates through the promotion of the gold ribbon for childhood cancer, so that we too can build research funding and much needed cures for Americas littlest cancer patients.